Characteristics of an organization include:
1. Purpose and Goals: An organization has a defined purpose or mission that outlines its reason for existence. It also establishes specific goals and objectives that guide its activities and provide a sense of direction.
2. Structure: Organizations have a structure that defines the relationships, roles, and responsibilities of individuals or groups within the entity. The structure can be hierarchical, matrix-based, flat, or networked, depending on the organization's size, complexity, and goals.
3. Hierarchy and Authority: Organizations have a hierarchy that establishes levels of authority and decision-making. Authority is delegated and flows through different levels, with top-level management having higher decision-making powers.
4. Division of Labor: Organizations divide work into tasks and assign them to individuals or teams based on their skills and expertise. This division of labor helps to achieve efficiency and specialization.
5. Coordination and Communication: Organizations require effective coordination and communication among individuals and departments to ensure smooth operations and collaboration. Communication channels can be formal (such as official memos or meetings) or informal (such as informal conversations or social networks).
6. Policies and Procedures: Organizations establish policies, rules, and procedures to guide the behavior and actions of individuals within the entity. These provide a framework for decision-making, operational guidelines, and standards of conduct.
7. Resources: Organizations require various resources to carry out their activities, including human capital, financial resources, technology, equipment, and facilities. Efficient resource allocation and management are crucial for the organization's success.
8. Culture and Values: Organizations develop a unique culture and set of values that shape the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of individuals within the entity. The organizational culture influences how work is performed, how decisions are made, and the overall atmosphere and work environment.
9. Stakeholders: Organizations interact with a range of stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, shareholders, government entities, and the community. Managing relationships with stakeholders is vital for organizational success and sustainability.
10. Evaluation and Adaptation: Organizations regularly assess their performance, measure progress toward goals, and identify areas for improvement. They adapt to changing internal and external circumstances, embrace innovation, and adjust strategies and practices accordingly.
These characteristics collectively contribute to the functioning, identity, and success of an organization. However, it's important to note that organizations can vary in their specific characteristics based on factors such as industry, size, culture, and purpose.